To achieve this, we introduce spatially embedded recurrent neural networks (seRNNs). But we have yet to incorporate both the brain’s anatomy and the brain’s function into a single coherent model, allowing a network to dynamically trade-off its different structural, functional and behavioural objectives in real time. They have shown that network modularity can arise through the spatial cost of growing a network 9, how orthogonal population dynamics can arise purely through optimizing task performance 10 and how predictive coding can arise through limiting a brain’s energy usage 11. Computational models allow us to do this 8. But how do these relationships between structure, function and behaviour emerge in the first place? To address this question, we need to be able to manipulate experimentally how neural networks form, as they learn to achieve behavioural objectives, to establish the causality of these relationships. Our understanding of how the brain’s structure and function interact largely comes from observing differences in brain structure, such as across individuals 6 or following brain injury 7, and then systematically linking these differences to brain function or behavioural outcomes. As such, the most basic features of both brain organization and network function-such as its sparse and small-world structure, functional modularity, and characteristic neuronal tuning curves-might arise because of this basic optimization problem. This trade-off shapes all brains within and across species, meaning it could be why many brains converge on similar organizational solutions 4. One example is the optimization of functionality within resource constraints all brain networks must overcome metabolic costs to grow and sustain the network in physical space, while simultaneously optimizing that network for information processing. Many stereotypical features of networks are downstream consequences of resolving challenges and trade-offs they face, across their lifetime 1, 2 and evolution 3, 4, 5. seRNNs incorporate biophysical constraints within a fully artificial system and can serve as a bridge between structural and functional research communities to move neuroscientific understanding forwards.Īs they develop, brain networks learn to achieve objectives, from simple functions such as autonomic regulation, to higher-order processes such as solving problems. Because these features emerge in unison, seRNNs reveal how many common structural and functional brain motifs are strongly intertwined and can be attributed to basic biological optimization processes. Specifically, they converge on solving inferences using modular small-world networks, in which functionally similar units spatially configure themselves to utilize an energetically efficient mixed-selective code. We find that seRNNs converge on structural and functional features that are also commonly found in primate cerebral cortices. seRNNs learn basic task-related inferences while existing within a three-dimensional Euclidean space, where the communication of constituent neurons is constrained by a sparse connectome. Here, to observe the effect of these processes, we introduce the spatially embedded recurrent neural network (seRNN). As a result, a brain network must overcome the metabolic costs of growing and sustaining the network within its physical space, while simultaneously implementing its required information processing. With more than 5.000 items available in gold and silver, fast shipments and direct customer assistance, Precious Components is the ideal partner for the operators in the jewelery-goldsmith sector, and it is a specialized e-commerce for customers who wants to buy precious components directly from the manufacturers at definitely competitive price.Brain networks exist within the confines of resource limitations. Precious Components is the ideal partner for all Companies that today, more than yesterday, feel the need to have flexible warehouses without storing large quantities of precious semi-finished products, but at the same time they need to relate with reliable and serious manufacturers with competitive prices. Thanks to our background and work ethic we have created “ Precious Components”, the first Italian e-commerce for companies. With our manufacturing Factories located in the industrial districts of Arezzo and Valenza we have always conceived high quality products, offered absolute guarantee of gold titles and a reliable staff for over 50 years. We represent the e-commerce department of two important and top-notch Companies in the Italian jewellery industry.
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